The impact of environmental policies on Cameroon's natural resources

Cameroon, a Central African country, is blessed with exceptional biodiversity and abundant natural resources. However, these riches face many challenges, including overexploitation, deforestation and environmental degradation. In this context, environmental policies play a crucial role in preserving the fragile balance of these ecosystems.

The importance of natural resources in Cameroon

Cameroon is often nicknamed "Africa in miniature" because of its geographical and ecological diversity. The country is home to an impressive variety of landscapes, ranging from dense tropical forests in the south to arid savannahs in the north. This natural wealth translates into exceptional biodiversity, with many endemic species of fauna and flora.

Cameroon’s natural resources play a vital role in the country’s economy and development. Agriculture, forestry and mining are key sectors that contribute significantly to the national GDP. In addition, these resources provide livelihoods to many local communities, who are heavily dependent on the environment for food, shelter and income.

Environmental challenges in Cameroon

Despite their importance, Cameroon’s natural resources face many environmental challenges. Deforestation, caused mainly by agricultural expansion, illegal logging and urbanization, is one of the most worrying problems. Between 1990 and 2020, Cameroon lost nearly 20% of its forest cover, threatening the survival of many animal and plant species.

Land degradation, air and water pollution, and overexploitation of fisheries resources are other major challenges facing the country. These environmental problems have negative repercussions on the health and well-being of populations, in addition to compromising the long-term sustainability of Cameroon's economic development.

The role of environmental policies

In the face of these challenges, environmental policies play a vital role in preserving Cameroon’s natural resources. The government has implemented several initiatives to promote the sustainable management of forests, land and aquatic ecosystems.

The 1994 Forest Law, for example, introduced measures to protect forests, including regulating logging and encouraging reforestation. Similarly, the creation of national parks and nature reserves has helped protect certain areas that are particularly rich in biodiversity.

Beyond these regulatory efforts, Cameroon has also engaged in environmental awareness and education programs, aimed at involving local communities in the sustainable management of their resources. Payment for ecosystem services initiatives have also been put in place, making it possible to remunerate populations who contribute to the preservation of ecosystems.

The impact of environmental policies

Environmental policies implemented in Cameroon have had mixed results so far. Although progress has been made, particularly in terms of protecting forests and biodiversity, many challenges persist.

On the one hand, reforestation and sustainable forest management efforts have helped to stabilize or even increase forest cover in some regions. In addition, the creation of national parks has contributed to the preservation of endangered species, such as the lowland gorilla or the forest elephant.

However, the effective implementation of these policies remains a major challenge. The lack of financial and human resources, as well as the weakness of control and sanction mechanisms, have sometimes limited the effectiveness of environmental measures. In addition, the pressure exerted by economic activities, such as mining or intensive agriculture, continues to threaten ecosystems.

Towards sustainable management of natural resources

To address these challenges, it is essential that Cameroon continues and strengthens its efforts in environmental policies. This involves strengthening institutional capacities, better coordination between the different actors (government, civil society, private sector) and increased mobilization of funding dedicated to environmental protection.

The involvement of local communities in the management of natural resources is also crucial. By giving them the necessary means and incentives, they can become real agents of change, reconciling economic development and environmental preservation.

Finally, education and awareness raising among the public, particularly among younger generations, are essential to changing mentalities and promoting more environmentally friendly behaviour.

By resolutely committing to this path, Cameroon will not only be able to preserve its natural resources, but also ensure sustainable and inclusive development for its entire population.