The future of the energy sector in Cameroon

Cameroon, a Central African country, faces major challenges in its energy sector. With a constantly growing population and a booming economy, the demand for energy continues to grow. However, the country faces supply and infrastructure issues that hinder its development. In this article, we will explore the challenges and future prospects of Cameroon's energy sector.

Current challenges in the energy sector

Cameroon has significant energy resources, particularly in terms of hydroelectric potential, natural gas and oil. However, the exploitation of these resources faces many obstacles.

Insufficient production and distribution of electricity

Cameroon experiences recurring electricity shortages, particularly in urban areas. The country’s electricity production capacity is estimated at around 1,400 megawatts, while demand is close to 2,000 megawatts. This production deficit leads to frequent power cuts, penalizing households and businesses.

In addition, the electricity distribution network is outdated and inadequate, with numerous losses and regular power cuts. This undermines the reliability of supply and hinders the country's economic development.

Dependence on fossil fuels

Although Cameroon has renewable energy resources, the country remains largely dependent on fossil fuels, particularly oil and natural gas. This dependence makes it vulnerable to fluctuations in international prices and the depletion of these non-renewable resources.

Low rate of access to electricity

Despite efforts, the rate of access to electricity in Cameroon remains relatively low, particularly in rural areas. Only 60% of the population has access to electricity, leaving a significant portion of the population without access to this essential energy.

Future prospects for the energy sector

Faced with these challenges, Cameroon has embarked on an ambitious energy transition to ensure a sustainable future for its energy sector.

Development of renewable energies

Cameroon has significant potential for renewable energy, particularly in hydroelectricity, solar and wind power. The government has therefore put in place policies and programmes aimed at encouraging the exploitation of these resources.

For example, the country has launched the construction of several hydroelectric dams, such as Lom Pangar, which will significantly increase electricity production. Similarly, solar and wind projects are being developed to diversify the energy mix.

Improving energy efficiency

At the same time, Cameroon is working to improve the energy efficiency of its economy. Initiatives are being put in place to reduce losses in distribution networks, modernize infrastructure and encourage energy savings among consumers.

Rural and universal electrification

Particular emphasis is placed on the electrification of rural areas, which still represent a significant portion of the population without access to electricity. Off-grid electrification programs, including using solar solutions, are being deployed to achieve this goal.

Cameroon's ambition is to achieve universal electricity coverage by 2030, based on a diversified and sustainable energy mix.

Conclusion

Cameroon's energy sector faces many challenges, but the country has embarked on an ambitious transition to secure its future. Developing renewable energy, improving energy efficiency and universal electrification are the pillars of this strategy.

With significant investment and strong political will, Cameroon can address these challenges and build a modern, reliable and sustainable energy sector that will support economic growth and the well-being of its population.