The future of the fishing industry in Cameroon

The fishing industry in Cameroon plays a vital role in the country’s economy and the livelihoods of millions of people. However, this industry faces many challenges that threaten its long-term sustainability. In this article, we will explore the current trends, challenges, and opportunities that will shape the future of the fishing industry in Cameroon.

The importance of the fishing industry in Cameroon

Cameroon has vast fisheries resources, with over 400 km of coastline on the Atlantic Ocean and numerous inland lakes and rivers. The fisheries industry is an important pillar of the Cameroonian economy, accounting for about 3% of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). It directly employs over 200,000 people and supports the livelihoods of millions more involved in related activities such as fish processing and marketing.

Fish is a key source of protein and nutrients for the Cameroonian population, accounting for nearly 30% of the country's animal protein intake. The fisheries industry therefore plays a crucial role in Cameroon's food security and nutrition.

Current challenges in the fishing industry

Despite its economic and social importance, the fishing industry in Cameroon faces many challenges that threaten its long-term sustainability. Some of the main challenges include:

1. Overfishing and illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing

Overfishing and IUU fishing are major problems in Cameroon. The pressure on fish stocks from an oversized fishing fleet, combined with unsustainable fishing practices, has led to a significant decline in fish populations in many areas. This puts the long-term viability of the industry at risk.

2. Lack of modern infrastructure and technology

Many fishing communities in Cameroon lack access to basic infrastructure such as ports, fish storage and processing facilities, and modern fishing and conservation technologies. This limits their ability to increase productivity, reduce post-harvest losses, and access more remunerative markets.

3. The impacts of climate change

Climate change has a significant impact on Cameroon’s fishing industry. Rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns and ocean acidification are affecting the distribution and abundance of fish species, making fishing more difficult and less productive.

4. Weak regulations and governance

The regulatory and governance framework of the fishing industry in Cameroon has significant gaps. The lack of clear regulations, control mechanisms and effective sanctions contributes to the persistence of IUU fishing and unsustainable management of fisheries resources.

Opportunities for the future of the fishing industry

Despite these challenges, there are many opportunities to ensure a sustainable future for Cameroon's fishing industry. Here are some avenues to explore:

1. Strengthening governance and regulations

The Cameroonian government must address the weak regulatory and governance framework of the fishing industry. This includes adopting stricter laws and regulations, establishing effective control and sanction mechanisms, and strengthening the capacities of fisheries management authorities.

2. Investments in infrastructure and technologies

Substantial investments are needed to develop port infrastructure, fish storage and processing facilities, and to promote the adoption of modern fishing and conservation technologies. This will improve productivity, reduce post-harvest losses and increase access to markets.

3. Promotion of aquaculture

Cameroon has significant potential for aquaculture development, which can complement capture fisheries and contribute to the country’s food security. Investments in research, training of aquaculture farmers and support for small-scale aquaculture operators will be essential to boost this sector.

4. Adaptation to climate change

Fishing industry stakeholders must adapt to the impacts of climate change by adopting more resilient fishing practices, diversifying their activities and developing early warning systems. Research and extension programs will be needed to support these adaptation efforts.

5. Valorization of fishery products

By improving the processing, preservation and marketing of fisheries products, industry stakeholders will be able to increase value added and revenues generated. This involves strengthening the capacities of fishers and processors, as well as developing more efficient value chains.

Conclusion

The fisheries industry plays a vital role in Cameroon’s economy and food security. However, it faces many challenges that threaten its long-term sustainability. To ensure the future of this industry, it is crucial that government, sector stakeholders, and civil society work together to address these challenges and seize opportunities. By investing in governance, infrastructure, technology, and climate change adaptation, Cameroon can build a resilient and thriving fisheries industry for the benefit of all.